Shortly after Philip's death, Alexander had executed a rhino Aristotle Callisthenes of Olynthus, whom he accused of treason.
Knowing the vindictive character of his pupil, Aristotle fled a year in its properties Stagira, moving to Athens in 334 to found, always with Theophrastus, the Lyceum, an educational institution that for years would have to compete with the Platonic Academy addressed at that time by his old comrade Xenocrates of Chalcedon. The eleven years between his return to Athens and the death of Alexander in 323, was used by Aristotle to conduct a thorough review of a work which, according to Hegel, is the foundation of all sciences. To put it as succinctly as possible, Aristotle was a prodigious knowledge synthesizer, so attentive to the generalizations that constitute science as to the differences that distinguish not only between individuals, but also preclude the reduction of large genera phenomena and the sciences that study them. As he says, people can be mobile and immobile, and at the same time apart (of matter) or not separated. The science of mobile beings is not separate physical beings of still and not mathematics is separated, and the immobile beings and separate theology. The breadth and depth of his thought is such that it was not until two thousand years for someone to arise from similar size. And during that period his authority came to be so established and in issues such as exercised by the Church, and in both science and philosophy of intellectual advance any attempt had to start with an attack on any of the philosophical principles of Aristotle. However, the path followed by the thought of Aristotle to achieve its current prominence is so amazing that, even discounting what you have added to the legend, it seems an argument adventure novel. With the death of Alexander in 323, was extended in Athens a wave of nationalism (anti-Macedonian) triggered by Demosthenes, a fact that Aristotle was supposed to face a charge of impiety. Not being in the mood to repeat the adventure of Socrates, Aristotle was exiled to the island of Chalcis, where he died in 322. According to tradition, he relinquished his works Aristotle to Theophrastus, which in turn ceded them Neleus, who sent them home to their parents in Esquepsis solidly packed in boxes and with orders that hid in a cave to avoid that were seized bound for the library of Pergamon. Many years later the heirs sold them to Neleo Apellicon of Teos, a philosopher who took them with him to Athens. In 86 BC, during the Roman occupation, Sulla learned of the existence of those boxes and requisitioned to be sent to Rome, where they were purchased by the Grammarian Tiranión. Hand in hand, these works were suffering successive declines until in the year 60 BC, were acquired by Andronicus of Rhodes, the ultimate responsibility of the Lyceum, who proceeded to its final edition. He is responsible, for example, the invention of the term "metaphysics," the title under which the books are grouped VII, VIII and IX and that simply means leaving física.Con following the fall of the Roman Empire Aristotle's works, like the rest of the Greco-Roman culture disappeared until, well into the thirteenth century, were recovered by the Arab Averroes, who met through the versions Syrian, Arab and Jewish. Of the total of one hundred seventy works that collected old catalogs, they have only saved thirty, who come to occupy some two thousand printed pages. Most of them come from the writings called "acroamáticos", designed for use as discussed in the Lyceum and not to be published. By contrast, all works published in Aristotle's own life, written for the general public in dialogues, are lost