The political ideas of Genghis Khan were a great simplicity: there should be no more than a single emperor for all men. Therefore,
all the pretenders to the empire must suffer the death penalty. The emperors be elected by the heads of the hordes gathered in council. No boss could make peace with a monarch or people who had not been submitted earlier to great Khan. The civil organization of the Mongols was little more than a fraternity in which everyone had equal rights. So they were forbidden to fight each other, and a Mongolian, nor could he be the slave of another Mongolian. The theft of horses and adultery, were punished with the death penalty for other offenses were less severe punishment spanking. No need to pay taxes, the gains would provide for resources for making arrows and preparing new campaigns. When you start mobilizing the Mongols received weapons from their heads and should keep them in good condition, so they could inspect these before taking action. The army was organized in units or tens ten fighters. The ten must always act together to fight, loot, and procure fodder. Every ten scores were commanded by a chief, with a kan per ten hundreds, and the hordes that were groups of ten thousand, were led by lieutenants of the Great Khan. The whole army was on horseback, to campaigns in distant places each fighter carried two or three spare horses. The procure a sufficient number of horses and arms should be the most serious concern of the great khan. And often this required years before starting the movement. The hordes had no baggage of any sort about the country living, eating what they found, and their long marches through the desert were held with horse blood. Looting was legalized by the law, which prohibited under penalty of death without permission of the head start it, but then every Mongolian had equal rights and could place his personal booty, paying no more than a tithe of the emperor. The first conquest of Genghis - Khan was in China, in 1208 crossed the great wall with some three hundred thousand horsemen, and 1213 began their conquest of central China. Cities were falling to his or her children, to conquer each one followed the sack, but then rise uprisings in the territories Mongols and Genghis - Khan was forced to return to combat, the attack on the rebels led finally to conquer all Central Asia and beyond since the Mongol hordes did not stop until Bulgaria. Another consequence was that Central Asia would be almost deserted because of the killings. In 1223 the border of the Mongol empire was dealing with China and Genghis - Khan ordered a new invasion, but he died in 1227. His son succeeded him as governor of an empire that stretched from southern China to the Dnieper. His third son Agdai ruled for only two years, but was with him that China began to reign in the Yuan Dynasty. The name Mongol Yuan is Chinese but which was a very clever manipulation to flatter the Chinese. The most famous emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was proclaimed emperor in 1259 Kubalai at forty-three years old. Like all Mongols had been highlighted as a child in the battlefield. Kubalai had many difficulties to complete the conquest of China where an emperor still ruled Sung from the city of Hangzhou. At nineteen Kubalai was appointed supreme commander of northern China and from there began in 1235, the struggle to conquer the south. In 1246 he founded a new capital in the north named Peiping, the current Beijing, where he built a new city which was completed in 1267 and from there continued the relentless fight against the Sung. Finally, after a terrible war that had lasted fifty years the city of Hangzhou surrendered. Never before in history an emperor had ruled a territory as vast as Kubali - Khan.