Genghis Khan and the Mongols
(Part One) Every ten scores had a boss, a hundred and one thousand kan were a horde
who ran a lieutenant of the Great Khan. Unlike all the armies of history,
Mongols had no stores in their campaigns, but lived on what they found in their marches. Survived in the desert drinking horse blood. They had a business intelligence service and using techniques they learned of his adversaries, like elephants Persians or the Chinese heavy machinery. All men were on horseback, and in distant campaigns each had two or three spare horses. In the looting all were equal and were entitled to retain what they could get paid a tithe to the emperor. The original territory of the Mongols is situated north of the Wall Bordering the Altai and Tien Shan mountains, Shilka River and Lake Baikal. It is a fertile area of grassland and forests in the north, the Gobi desert in central and extensive pastures in the south. Nomadic herders and hunters, the Mongols also maintained some trade with their Chinese neighbors, but their main occupation was raising sheep, horses and camels. Temujin was born in 1167, Yesugei son, who was head of a large area between the Amur River and the Great Wall of China. Yesugei was poisoned and his son succeeded him with only three. Temujin's mother is credited with an education that would be of great importance in his life: "Your only companion is your shadow." Since then, and for twenty years, struggled to assert its authority over the impostors who had usurped the place of his father. After submitting, for the first time all the tribes of the Mongols was elected Genghis Khan, meaning "the greatest of the rulers, emperor of all men." The basis for the action of Genghis Khan is on the belief that there can be an emperor for all men, and therefore all people should be under his authority and the pretenders to the rule being executed. The emperor is elected by the council of heads of the rabble. The social organization of the Mongols was egalitarian, a classless brotherhood and which were forbidden to fight each other or be slaves of their own race. Adultery, stealing horses was paid with his life, and other misdemeanors with sentences of flogging. In 1208, the Mongol hordes crossed the Chinese wall with three hundred thousand men, and for years they were conquered and plundered large parts of the country. Genghis Khan also had to quell several revolts in Mongolian territory, which resulted in the conquest of most of Central Asia and much of Europe. Using Chinese engineers completed the conquest of Persia and beyond the Caspian to the south, the Mongol armies agreed to the Caucasus and the Russian steppe. The threat joined polovsianos Mongolian and Russian former enemies who were faced with all the means at the Kalka River in 1223. The betrayal of the polovsianos during the battle meant the annihilation of the Russian army and the conquest of all its territories to the river Dnieper. The only limitation is that no one could begin looting without permission from his boss, on pain of death. Genghis Khan conquered the largest empire that has ever occurred on earth, uniting across Asia in a period of relative peace. Upon his death in 1227, his son received an inheritance an empire that stretched from the Dnieper River to southern China and from the Persian Gulf to the Arctic Ocean. The succession process of Genghis Khan after his death allowed the Russians ten years of peace until the hordes returned under the command of Batu Khan, grandson of Genghis. Batu Khan's troops were the "Golden Horde" invincible army that conquered almost three years all Russian principalities, Poland and Hungary. Preparing and an unstoppable conquest of Western Europe, again in 1241 death of Great Khan Ogaday imposed a pause in the campaign, and while waiting to take power Mongolian Batu Khan was allegedly poisoned by a jealous woman in Sari, the capital on the Volga. Since then, apart from some isolated campaign, did not return to Europe from the threat of the Mongol conquest. Under the Chinese name of Yuan dynasty, the Mongols ruled China while trying to continue the conquest of the rest of the country, under the command of the Sung dynasty. The Mongol emperors as Kubalai Agdai or warriors were always prominent, and though with great difficulty succeeded in the latter half century of struggle after the conquest of all China.