The Spanish Civil War (Part Two) In the same way that Mussolini was in the Roman Empire a model for strong state, represented
by Spanish fascism and the JONS Falange, had exacerbated nationalism based on a reductionist view of history had its roots in the time of formation of Hispanic Empire during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. In particular, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera was opposed to Marxism for its internationalism, incompatible with his idea of a Spanish country, or rather, Castilian, and also opposed the class struggle, which he described as "monstrous dogma. He criticized liberalism for its individualistic nature and rejecting the democratic system proposed by the disappearance of political parties to replace the "natural units, family, municipal and corporate work." Blamed capitalism for causing an unjust social situation for the benefit of the richest, but also disapproved of socialism to have degenerated, he said, in a stream of hatred based on revenge. José Antonio Primo de Rivera suggested, finally, the natural leadership of a chief who was in charge of a strong state. These ideas to base the national syndicalism Spanish version of fascism. Right-wing parties took advantage of discontent with government reforms Azana and won a majority in the general election of November 1933, where for the first time women voted. The CEDA won the most seats in Parliament and the government remained in the hands of the Radical Republican Party, led by Alexander Lenoux. It began the so-called Black Biennium of the Second Republic (November 1933 to December 1935), during which the government could not solve the serious problems facing the country and just tar ¬ intention to return to the situation before 1931. The reform policy of the first biennium was virtually dismantled by a series of decrees which formed a genuine counter the conservatism that has exacerbated social and political tensions in early October 1934, the leftist parties had expected the President Alcala Zamora, hold elections, but he instructed Lerroux form a new cabinet, in which included three members of the CEDA (one of which he became Minister of Agriculture), so that lle ¬ gaba right to power. This fact, added to that growing unemployment and the threat of fascism, which increased following the FE JONS and merge in February of that year, gave rise to a workers' uprising that erupted in Asturias in the month and October, while in Barcelona a separatist movement proclaimed the Catalan state, fearing that it was revoking the status created during the first two Republican. The government quickly came to dominate both movements with the aid of troops moved with urgency from Africa. After the October Revolution, the number of CEDA ministers ea rose five, among whom was Gil Robles as defense minister, who in turn appointed Chief of Staff Gen. Francisco Franco. But the government could not sustain Lerroux; damaged by a corruption scandal, has lost credibility and was dismissed. The President was then a government of central tendency, and in January 1936 dissolved the Parliament and call new elections for February 16. At the same time, groups and leftist parties (Republicans, Socialists and Communists) were integrated n a block called the Popular Front (formed as in France). This organization poli ¬ tica won a majority in elections in February 1936, leaving the right-wing coalition called the Anti-Revolutionary National Front. Manuel Azaña again chair the Barcelc Revolt in government and among their actions highlighted: amnesty for prisoners of the October Revolution of 1934, the continuity of reforms in the first Republican bie ¬ vention, the approval of the Catalan Statute and the transfer of General Franco (Canary Islands), Coded (to Spain) & Mola (Pamplona), to prevent organ ¬ nizaran military uprisings. But the new government was in a difficult situation for destabilizing incidents occurred continuously connected with European and world crisis of the thirties. Strikes broke out everywhere as multiplied by the taking of land from peasants and urban violence manifested itself in street fighting. To be added above the actions taken by left-wing extremists against Catholic priests in the circumstances, the courts ousted Alcala Zamora and elected Manad Azana as President, and Santiago Casares Quiroga as head of government , who tried to run the country between fear of social subversion from the left and the fear of military coup supported by the right which had begun to take shape. Plans to overthrow the Republic, led by the military, began at the very moment of knowing the results of the elections and were gaining momentum until, in July, the Spirits were upset with the assassination of right-wing leader Calvo Sotelo conducted by a socialist in reprisal for the murder of his partner Lt. Castillo, at the hands of right-wing forces. These events triggered the outbreak of the Civil War, the night of 17 July 1936.